WC/Co-Ti Kompozitlerinin ısıl ve elastik özelliklerinin ultrasonik dalga hızı ile ilişkisi

In this study,it is aimed to produce various composites and reveal their physical properties. Tungsten carbide (WC) powder and the two of cobalt (Co) and titanium (Ti) powders as binder phase have been used for the preparation of WC-Co-Ti ceramic-metal composite with powder metallurgy. Two different ultrasonic non-destructive techniques were employed to measure the mechanical wave velocity in WCCo-Ti composites. The study was performed on various specimens with different WCx content at the range from 60 to 80% and Co/Ti content in 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 groups. The WCx content in examined materials was determined using the standard destructive analysis. The Young modulus (E) of the produced composites and the ultrasonic velocity measured through ultrasonic pulse-echo method and immersion method. Thermal conductivity of samples has been measured via hot disk method. The relation between the Young modulus' values with ultrasonic wave velocity, which is obtained through two different methods and thermal conductivity has been physically examined and the results have been compared with the literature

A comparative study of the efficacy of iv dexketoprofen, lornoxicam, and diclophenac sodium on postoperative analgesia and tramadol consumption in patients receiving patient-controlled tramadol [Hasta kontrollü tramadol alan hastalarda deksketoprofen, lornoksikam ve diklofenak sodyumun postoperatif analjezi ve tramadol tüketimi üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması]

Objective: This study was designed to compare the effects of dexketoprofen, lornoxicam, and diclophenac sodium on postoperative analgesia and tramadol consumption in patients receiving postoperative patient-controlled tramadol after a major abdominal surgery. Methods: Eighty patients were randomized to receive one of the four study drugs. Patients in group dexketoprofen (DT) received IV 50 mg dexketoprofen, group lornoxicam (LR) received IV 8 mg lornoxicam, group diclophenac sodium (DS) received 75 mg IV diclophenac sodium and group saline (S) received 0.9% saline in 2 mL syringes, 20 min before the end of anaesthesia. A standardized (1 mg kg-1) dose of tramadol was routinely administered to all patients as the loading dose at the end of surgery. Postoperatively, whenever patients requested, they were allowed to use a tramadol patient-controlled analgesia device giving a bolus dose (0.2 mg kg-1) of tramadol. Pain, discomfort, and sedation scores, cumulative tramadol consumption, supplemental meperidine requirement, and side effects were recorded. Results: Visual rating scale and patient discomfort scores were significantly lower in DT, LR and DS groups compared to those in in group S (p<0.001). Cumulative tramadol consumption was significantly lower in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-treated groups at each study period after the second postoperative hour than in group S (p<0.001). Supplemental meperidine requirement was significantly higher in group S at each study period after postoperative 30 min than in NSAID-treated groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: After major abdominal surgery, adding IV diclophenac, lornoxicam or dexketoprofen to patient-controlled tramadol resulted in lower pain scores, smaller tramadol consumption, less rescue supplemental analgesic requirement, and fewer side effects compared with the tramadol alone group. © 2015 by Turkish Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Society

Globalization and English Language Policy in Turkey

WOS: 000269514700001It is widely acknowledged that globalization has made a considerable impact on multidimensional aspects of human life including the language policies of many Countries. This article examines the adjustment of Turkey's language policy in response to the global influence of English at different levels of Turkish national education, including its role in Turkish academia, as an indication of the status that English holds in the country by investigating the macro policy changes in connection with micro level implementations based on available research, official documents, and curriculum documents. The findings indicate that although there is much evidence pointing to the prominent role that English occupies in Turkish education system largely through the government's planned language policy, there also exist problems at the instructional level largely due to the way in which English is propagated. Finally, implications for future direction of language policy, practice, and research are presented